633 entries

Software

AI / ML

• Bokeh — Interactive visualisation library for modern web browsers.
• ComfyUI — Node-graph interface for Stable Diffusion image generation.
• DVC — Data Version Control for ML projects.
• Hugging Face Transformers — Library of pretrained transformer models for NLP, vision, and speech.
• JAX — NumPy-like array library with autograd and XLA compilation.
• Jupyter — Interactive notebook environment for scientific and data work.
• LangChain — Framework for building LLM-powered applications.
• llama.cpp — Pure-C++ inference engine for LLaMA-family models.
• LlamaIndex — Data framework for LLM retrieval-augmented generation.
• Matplotlib — 2D plotting library for Python.
• MLflow — Open-source platform for the ML lifecycle.
• NLTK — Natural language toolkit for Python.
• NumPy — Foundational numerical-computing library for Python.
• Ollama — Local-first runtime for running large language models on Linux.
• ONNX — Open Neural Network Exchange format and runtime.
• Open WebUI — Self-hosted web interface for local large language models.
• OpenCV — Open-source computer-vision library.
• pandas — Data-analysis library for Python providing DataFrame and Series types.
• Plotly (Python) — Interactive plotting library with web rendering.
• PyTorch — Open-source machine-learning framework with dynamic computation graphs.
• Ray — Distributed-computing framework for Python.
• scikit-learn — Classical machine-learning library for Python.
• SciPy — Scientific computing library for Python.
• seaborn — Statistical data visualisation on top of Matplotlib.
• spaCy — Industrial-strength NLP library for Python.
• Stable Diffusion web UI — Browser interface for running Stable Diffusion image models locally.
• statsmodels — Statistical modelling for Python.
• SymPy — Symbolic mathematics library for Python.
• TensorFlow — Google's machine-learning framework for production training and inference.
• Text Generation WebUI — Gradio web UI for running large language models locally.
• vLLM — High-throughput inference engine for serving large language models.
• whisper.cpp — C/C++ port of OpenAI's Whisper speech-recognition model.

Backup

• BorgBackup — A deduplicating backup program with compression and encryption.
• rclone — rsync for cloud storage.
• restic — A fast, secure, deduplicating backup program.
• rsync — A fast, versatile file-copying tool.
• Timeshift — A system restore utility for Linux.

Browser

• Brave Browser — A privacy-focused web browser based on Chromium.
• Chromium — Open-source browser engine and browser.
• Falkon — KDE web browser using QtWebEngine.
• GNOME Web (Epiphany) — GNOME's WebKit-based browser.
• LibreWolf — Privacy-hardened Firefox fork.
• Lynx — A text-based web browser.
• Midori — Lightweight web browser.
• qutebrowser — A keyboard-driven web browser with vi-like commands.
• Vivaldi — Chromium-based browser focused on customisation.
• Waterfox — Legacy-extension-friendly Firefox fork.

Build system

• Apache Maven — A software project management tool for Java.
• asdf — Polyglot version manager.
• Bazel — A scalable build and test tool.
• Cabal — Common Architecture for Building Applications and Libraries (Haskell).
• CMake — A cross-platform meta-build system.
• Conan — C/C++ package manager.
• Dune — Build system for OCaml.
• GNU Autotools — Long-standing build-system suite (autoconf, automake, libtool).
• GNU Make — The classic Unix build automation tool.
• Gradle — A flexible build automation tool for the JVM.
• Meson — An open-source build system focused on speed and ease of use.
• mise — Polyglot runtime version manager.
• Ninja — A small, fast build system.
• OPAM — OCaml package manager.
• PDM — Modern Python package and dependency manager.
• pnpm — Fast disk-efficient Node.js package manager.
• Poetry — Python dependency management and packaging.
• Rye — Experimental Python project manager.
• SCons — Python-based build system.
• Stack — Haskell build tool with curated package sets.
• uv — Extremely fast Python package installer and resolver.
• vcpkg — C/C++ package manager by Microsoft.
• Waf — Python-based build system used by some research codes.
• Yarn — Node.js package manager.

CI/CD

• Argo CD — A declarative GitOps continuous-delivery tool for Kubernetes.
• Drone — A container-native continuous delivery system.
• GitLab — A self-hostable DevOps platform with CI/CD built in.
• Jenkins — An automation server for continuous integration and delivery.
• Tekton — A Kubernetes-native framework for building CI/CD pipelines.

CLI tools

• 7-Zip (p7zip) — A high compression-ratio archive program.
• aria2 — A multi-protocol, multi-source command-line download utility.
• bat — A cat clone with syntax highlighting and Git integration.
• Brotli — Compression algorithm optimised for the web.
• bzip2 — Block-sorting compression utility.
• cpio — Archive utility that processes file lists from stdin.
• delta — A syntax-highlighting pager for git, diff, and grep output.
• eza — A modern replacement for ls.
• fd — A simple, fast alternative to find.
• fzf — A general-purpose command-line fuzzy finder.
• gallery-dl — Image-gallery downloader.
• GNU awk (gawk) — A pattern-scanning and text-processing language.
• GNU coreutils — The GNU implementations of basic Unix utilities.
• GNU grep — The GNU implementation of grep.
• GNU sed — The GNU stream editor.
• GNU tar — The standard Unix archiver.
• GNU Wget — A non-interactive network downloader.
• gzip — The classic Unix compression utility.
• htmlq — jq for HTML — a command-line HTML element selector.
• jq — A command-line JSON processor.
• just — A handy way to save and run project-specific commands.
• less — An interactive terminal pager.
• LZ4 — Extremely fast lossless compression library and tool.
• lzop — Fast file compressor based on LZO.
• ripgrep — A fast recursive grep replacement written in Rust.
• tldr — Community-maintained simplified man pages.
• unrar — Decompressor for RAR archive files.
• wl-clipboard — Command-line clipboard utilities for Wayland.
• xclip — A command-line interface to the X11 clipboard.
• XZ Utils — A high-compression archive utility.
• yq — A command-line YAML, JSON, XML, CSV, and TOML processor.
• yt-dlp — Feature-rich video and audio downloader.
• zoxide — A smarter cd command that learns your habits.
• Zstandard (zstd) — A real-time compression algorithm with a wide tunable range.

Communication

• Apache Guacamole — Clientless remote-desktop gateway.
• BigBlueButton — Open-source web conferencing for online learning.
• Conduit — Matrix homeserver in Rust.
• Dendrite — Second-generation Matrix homeserver in Go.
• Element — A Matrix client for secure messaging.
• FreeRDP — Open-source implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol.
• GNOME Evolution — A personal information manager and email client for GNOME.
• HexChat — Cross-platform IRC client.
• irssi — A modular text-mode IRC client.
• Jitsi Meet — Open-source video conferencing platform.
• Konversation — KDE IRC client.
• Matrix Synapse — Reference homeserver for the Matrix protocol.
• Mattermost — Self-hosted team collaboration platform.
• Mumble — A low-latency, high-quality voice chat application.
• Murmur — Server for Mumble VoIP (see also mumble client).
• Mutt — A small but powerful terminal-based email client.
• Nextcloud Talk — Audio/video calls inside Nextcloud.
• Pidgin — Multi-protocol instant messaging client.
• Quassel — Distributed IRC client (core + multiple clients).
• Remmina — Remote-desktop client for Linux.
• Rocket.Chat — Self-hosted team chat platform.
• RustDesk — Open-source remote desktop.
• Signal — An end-to-end encrypted messaging app.
• WeeChat — A fast, light, and extensible chat client.
• Zulip — Open-source team chat with threading.

Containers

• Buildah — Builds OCI container images without requiring a Docker daemon.
• BuildKit — A toolkit for building container images.
• BuildKit — Image-build toolkit used by modern Docker.
• containerd — An industry-standard container runtime.
• CRI-O — Lightweight container runtime for Kubernetes.
• crun — Fast C-based OCI container runtime.
• Docker — A platform for packaging and running applications in containers.
• Docker Compose — Define and run multi-container Docker applications.
• Helm — The package manager for Kubernetes.
• k3s — A lightweight Kubernetes distribution.
• kind — Kubernetes in Docker.
• Kubernetes — A container orchestration system for clusters.
• LXD / Incus — System-container manager for running Linux distributions in lightweight VMs.
• minikube — A local Kubernetes cluster for development.
• Podman — A daemonless container engine compatible with the Docker CLI.
• runc — Reference implementation of the OCI container runtime.
• Skopeo — Inspects, copies, and signs container images without a daemon.

Data

• Apache Cassandra — A wide-column distributed NoSQL database.
• Apache CouchDB — A document database with a built-in HTTP API.
• ArangoDB — Multi-model database for documents, graphs, and key-value.
• Berkeley DB — Embedded key-value database library.
• ClickHouse — Columnar OLAP database for real-time analytics at scale.
• DuckDB — In-process analytical database for fast SQL on local data.
• Elasticsearch — A distributed search and analytics engine.
• InfluxDB — A time-series database for metrics, events, and IoT data.
• LevelDB — Fast key-value storage library from Google.
• LMDB — Memory-mapped lightning database.
• MariaDB — A community-developed fork of MySQL.
• Meilisearch — A fast, easy-to-use search engine for application-side search.
• Memcached — Distributed in-memory key-value cache for accelerating web applications.
• MongoDB — A document-oriented NoSQL database.
• MySQL — Widely used open-source relational database.
• Neo4j — Graph database with Cypher query language.
• PostgreSQL — An advanced open-source relational database.
• QuestDB — Open-source time-series SQL database.
• Redis — An in-memory data structure store.
• RethinkDB — Document database with real-time push queries.
• RocksDB — High-performance embedded key-value store.
• SQLite — A small, embeddable, in-process SQL database.
• SurrealDB — Multi-model database written in Rust.
• TimescaleDB — Time-series database built as a PostgreSQL extension.

Desktop

• awesome — A highly configurable, framework window manager.
• bspwm — A tiling window manager that arranges windows as a binary tree.
• Budgie — A modern, minimalist desktop environment from Solus.
• Cinnamon — A traditional desktop environment developed for Linux Mint.
• COSMIC Desktop — Rust-based desktop environment from System76.
• Deepin Desktop Environment — Modern Qt-based desktop environment.
• dwm — A dynamic window manager from suckless.
• Enlightenment (E) — Lightweight window manager and desktop environment.
• Fluxbox — Lightweight stacking window manager.
• GDM — GNOME Display Manager — the GNOME desktop's login screen.
• GNOME — A free desktop environment focused on simplicity.
• Hyprland — A dynamic tiling Wayland compositor with smooth animations.
• i3 window manager — A tiling window manager controlled from the keyboard.
• IceWM — Small, fast stacking window manager.
• JWM (Joe's Window Manager) — Minimal stacking window manager.
• KDE Plasma — A flexible, customisable desktop environment.
• LXQt — A lightweight Qt-based desktop environment.
• MATE — A continuation of the GNOME 2 desktop.
• Mozilla Firefox — A free and open-source web browser.
• Niri — Scrollable-tiling Wayland compositor.
• Openbox — A lightweight, highly configurable X11 window manager.
• Pantheon — Desktop environment of elementary OS.
• Redshift — Adjusts the colour temperature of your screen by time of day.
• River — Dynamic tiling Wayland compositor.
• SDDM — Display manager (login screen) used by KDE Plasma.
• Sway — An i3-compatible Wayland compositor.
• Trinity Desktop Environment — Continuation of KDE 3.5.
• UKUI — Lightweight desktop environment by Kylin.
• Wayfire — 3D Wayland compositor inspired by Compiz.
• Xfwm4 — Window manager of the XFCE desktop environment.
• xmonad — A tiling window manager configured in Haskell.

DevOps

• Ansible — An agentless configuration management and orchestration tool.
• Consul — A service discovery and configuration tool for distributed systems.
• Crossplane — Kubernetes-native control plane for cloud infrastructure.
• etcd — A distributed key-value store for critical config data.
• Flux — GitOps continuous-delivery tool for Kubernetes.
• HashiCorp Nomad — Workload orchestrator for containers and binaries.
• HashiCorp Packer — Builds machine images from a single source.
• K9s — Terminal UI for Kubernetes clusters.
• ko — Container-image builder for Go applications.
• Kustomize — Kubernetes-native manifest customisation tool.
• OpenStack — A free and open-source cloud computing platform.
• Pulumi — Infrastructure as code in real programming languages.
• Puppet — A model-driven configuration management system.
• Salt — An event-driven automation and configuration management framework.
• Terraform — Infrastructure as code for cloud and on-premises resources.
• Vagrant — A tool for building and managing virtual machine environments.

Developer tools

• direnv — A shell extension that loads environment variables per-directory.
• ESLint — A pluggable linter for JavaScript and TypeScript.
• Flutter — Cross-platform UI toolkit using the Dart language.
• GCC — The GNU Compiler Collection.
• Git — A distributed version control system.
• GTK — A free cross-platform widget toolkit.
• LLVM and Clang — A modular compiler toolchain and C/C++ frontend.
• Mercurial — Distributed version control system alternative to Git.
• Prettier — An opinionated code formatter for many languages.
• Qt — A cross-platform application development framework.
• ShellCheck — A static analysis tool for shell scripts.
• shfmt — A formatter for shell scripts.
• tree-sitter — An incremental parsing system used by many editors.

Distribution

• AlmaLinux — Community-driven RHEL-compatible enterprise Linux distribution.
• Alpine Linux — A small, security-oriented Linux distribution based on musl libc.
• Arch Linux — A rolling-release Linux distribution that ships only what you install.
• Artix Linux — Arch-based rolling release without systemd.
• CentOS Stream — Rolling preview of the next minor release of RHEL.
• Debian — A non-commercial, community-driven Linux distribution.
• EndeavourOS — Arch-based distribution with a graphical installer.
• Fedora — A community-driven Linux distribution sponsored by Red Hat.
• Garuda Linux — Performance-oriented Arch derivative with Btrfs and zram.
• Gentoo — A flexible, source-based Linux distribution.
• GNU Guix System — Declarative GNU/Linux distribution using Guile.
• Kali Linux — A Debian-based distribution for penetration testing and security.
• Kali Purple — Defensive-security-focused build of Kali Linux.
• Linux Mint — An Ubuntu-based distribution focused on a familiar desktop.
• Manjaro — A user-friendly Arch-based rolling-release distribution.
• MX Linux — Lightweight Debian-based distribution.
• NixOS — A purely functional Linux distribution built on Nix.
• NixOS — Declarative Linux distribution built around the Nix package manager.
• openSUSE — A community Linux distribution sponsored by SUSE.
• openSUSE Leap — Long-term-support release based on SUSE Linux Enterprise.
• openSUSE Tumbleweed — Rolling-release version of openSUSE.
• OpenWrt — Linux distribution for embedded routers and access points.
• Parrot Security OS — Debian-based distribution for security and pentesting.
• Pop!_OS — Ubuntu-derived desktop distribution by System76.
• Puppy Linux — Tiny live distribution that runs entirely in RAM.
• Qubes OS — Security-focused desktop OS using Xen virtualisation.
• Raspberry Pi OS — A Debian-based distribution for the Raspberry Pi.
• Rocky Linux — Community-driven RHEL-compatible enterprise Linux distribution.
• Slackware — The oldest still-active Linux distribution.
• Tails — Live operating system focused on privacy and anonymity.
• Ubuntu — A user-friendly Debian-based Linux distribution.
• Void Linux — Independent rolling-release Linux distribution.
• Whonix — Anonymity-focused operating system running over Tor.
• Zorin OS — Ubuntu-based distribution with a Windows/macOS-style desktop.

Documentation

• Asciidoctor — A fast text processor and publishing toolchain for AsciiDoc.
• Doxygen — An automatic source-code documentation generator.
• Graphviz — A graph visualisation toolkit.
• mdBook — A utility for creating modern online books from Markdown.
• MkDocs — A fast static site generator for project documentation.
• PlantUML — A tool for drawing UML diagrams from text.
• Sphinx — A documentation generator originally built for Python.

Editor

• Bluefish — Editor for web developers and programmers.
• Geany — Lightweight cross-platform IDE.
• gedit — GNOME's classic text editor.
• GNU Emacs — An extensible, self-documenting text editor.
• GNU nano — A small, beginner-friendly terminal text editor.
• Helix — A post-modern modal text editor.
• Helix (modal) — Modal text editor with built-in LSP support (already listed; alias for helix).
• Kakoune — Modal text editor inspired by vim.
• Kate — KDE's advanced text editor.
• Lapce — Rust-based modal code editor.
• Lite-XL — Lightweight Lua-extensible editor.
• micro — A modern, intuitive terminal-based text editor.
• Neovim — A modernised fork of Vim with first-class scripting.
• Vim — A modal text editor descended from vi.
• vis — Lightweight modal editor combining vim and sam.
• Visual Studio Code (Code – OSS) — An open-source code editor with rich extension support.
• Zed — Multiplayer code editor in Rust.

File manager

• Dolphin — KDE's file manager.
• Double Commander — Cross-platform twin-panel file manager.
• GNOME Files (Nautilus) — The default file manager for GNOME.
• GNU Midnight Commander — A text-based, two-pane file manager.
• Krusader — Twin-panel orthodox file manager (KDE).
• nnn — Tiny, fast terminal file manager.
• PCManFM — Lightweight file manager for LXDE.
• ranger — A console file manager with vi keybindings.
• Thunar — The file manager for the Xfce desktop.
• Vifm — vi-like terminal file manager.
• xplr — Hackable Rust-based terminal file manager.
• Yazi — Blazing-fast terminal file manager in Rust.

Game development

• Godot Engine — A free and open-source 2D and 3D game engine.

Graphics

• ART — Fork of RawTherapee with simplified controls.
• Blender — A free 3D creation suite.
• darktable — A free RAW photo workflow application.
• digiKam — Advanced photo management.
• feh — A fast, lightweight image viewer for X11.
• Flameshot — A powerful, friendly screenshot tool.
• FreeCAD — A parametric 3D CAD modeller.
• FreeCAD (extra) — Parametric 3D CAD modeller (existing entry).
• Geeqie — Fast image viewer with raw support.
• GIMP — A free raster image editor.
• ImageMagick — A command-line image manipulation toolkit.
• Inkscape — A professional vector-graphics editor.
• KiCad — Cross-platform EDA suite for electronic design.
• Krita — A free digital painting application.
• LibreCAD — Open-source 2D CAD application.
• MyPaint — Digital painting application.
• nomacs — Cross-platform image viewer.
• OpenSCAD — A programmer's solid 3D CAD modeller.
• OpenSCAD (note already) — Programmable solid CAD modeller.
• Pinta — Simple bitmap editor.
• RawTherapee — Raw photo processor.
• scrot — A simple X11 command-line screenshot utility.
• Shotwell — GNOME photo manager.
• Tux Paint — Drawing program for young children.

Kernel

• Linux kernel — The kernel at the heart of the Linux operating system.

Language

• .NET — A free, cross-platform application framework from Microsoft.
• Agda — Dependently-typed functional language and proof assistant.
• Apache Groovy — Java-compatible dynamic and static language for the JVM.
• Bun — A fast all-in-one JavaScript runtime, bundler, test runner, and package manager.
• Clojure — A modern Lisp dialect for the JVM.
• Coq — Interactive theorem prover and proof assistant.
• Crystal — A statically typed, compiled language with Ruby-like syntax.
• Dart — Programming language by Google, primary language of Flutter.
• Deno — A modern runtime for JavaScript and TypeScript.
• Elixir — A dynamic, functional language for the Erlang VM.
• Erlang/OTP — A functional language built for concurrent, fault-tolerant systems.
• Fortran (GNU) — Fortran compiler from the GCC suite (gfortran).
• GNU Forth — GNU's implementation of the Forth programming language.
• GNU Guile — GNU's Scheme implementation and extension language.
• GNU Octave — A high-level interpreted language for numerical computations.
• Go — A statically typed, compiled language with first-class concurrency.
• Haskell — A purely functional, statically typed programming language.
• Idris 2 — Pure functional language with full dependent types.
• Julia — A high-performance language for technical computing.
• Kotlin — A modern, statically typed language for the JVM and other targets.
• Lean 4 — Theorem prover and dependently-typed programming language.
• Lua — A small, embeddable scripting language.
• Nim — An efficient, expressive, statically typed compiled language.
• Node.js — A JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 engine.
• OCaml — A statically typed functional language with a powerful module system.
• OpenJDK — The reference implementation of the Java Platform, Standard Edition.
• Perl — A high-level, general-purpose programming language.
• Pharo — Modern open-source Smalltalk environment.
• Python — A general-purpose programming language with batteries included.
• R — A language and environment for statistical computing.
• Racket — Lisp-family programming language and ecosystem.
• Ruby — A dynamic, object-oriented programming language.
• Rust — A systems programming language focused on safety and concurrency.
• Scala — A statically typed language combining OOP and functional programming.
• Steel Bank Common Lisp — Production-quality Common Lisp compiler.
• SWI-Prolog — Free implementation of the Prolog logic-programming language.
• Tcl — Tool Command Language — embeddable scripting language.
• Vala — C#-like programming language compiling to C and using GObject.
• Zig — A general-purpose programming language and toolchain.

Media

• Ardour — A professional digital audio workstation.
• Ardour (extra) — Cross-platform digital audio workstation (note: ardour already exists).
• Audacious — Lightweight desktop music player.
• Audacity — A multi-track audio editor and recorder.
• Avidemux — Simple video editor for cutting, encoding, and filtering.
• beets — Command-line music library organiser.
• DaVinci Resolve (free edition) — Professional video editor and colour grader.
• DeaDBeeF — Highly configurable music player.
• FFmpeg — A complete cross-platform multimedia framework.
• Flowblade — Multitrack non-linear video editor.
• HandBrake — An open-source video transcoder.
• Jellyfin — A free and open-source media server.
• Kdenlive — Non-linear video editor.
• Kodi — A free media player and home theatre application.
• LMMS — A free, cross-platform music production studio.
• Mopidy — Extensible MPD-compatible music server.
• MPD — Music Player Daemon.
• mpv — A minimalist command-line media player.
• MuseScore — A free music notation and composition program.
• MusicBrainz Picard — Audio file tagger using the MusicBrainz database.
• ncmpcpp — ncurses MPD client.
• OBS Studio — Free software for video recording and live streaming.
• OpenShot — A simple, free, open-source video editor.
• Pitivi — Non-linear video editor based on GStreamer.
• Rhythmbox — GNOME music player and library manager.
• Shotcut — A free, cross-platform, open-source video editor.
• Snapcast — Synchronous multi-room audio player.
• Stash — Self-hosted media organisation server.
• Strawberry — Music player and library manager (Clementine fork).
• Tenacity — Community fork of the Audacity audio editor.
• Tube Archivist — Self-hosted YouTube archive.
• VLC media player — A free cross-platform media player.

Messaging

• Apache Kafka — A distributed event streaming platform.
• Eclipse Mosquitto — A lightweight MQTT broker.
• RabbitMQ — A message broker that implements AMQP, MQTT, and STOMP.

Networking

• aerc — Modern terminal mail client.
• Apache HTTP Server — A widely deployed open-source web server.
• bandwhich — A terminal bandwidth utilisation tool written in Rust.
• BIND — The Berkeley Internet Name Domain server.
• Caddy — A modern web server with automatic HTTPS.
• Courier MTA — Integrated mail server with IMAP, POP, and webmail.
• curl — A command-line tool and library for transferring data with URLs.
• dnsmasq — A lightweight DNS forwarder, DHCP server, and TFTP server.
• Dovecot — An IMAP and POP3 server for Linux/Unix.
• Exim — Configurable mail transfer agent for Unix-like systems.
• fetchmail — POP3/IMAP mail-retrieval utility.
• getmail — Mail-retrieval daemon for POP3/IMAP.
• GNU Mailman — Mailing-list manager.
• HAProxy — A reliable, high-performance TCP/HTTP load balancer.
• iftop — A real-time bandwidth monitor for the terminal.
• iperf3 — Network-bandwidth measurement tool.
• isync (mbsync) — Synchronises local maildirs with IMAP servers.
• lighttpd — A lightweight, fast web server.
• Mailcow — Docker-based mail-server suite.
• Mosh — A robust, mobile-friendly remote shell.
• mtr — Combines traceroute and ping into a single network-diagnostic tool.
• NeoMutt — Maintained fork of the Mutt terminal mail client.
• NetHogs — A bandwidth monitor that groups by process.
• NGINX — A high-performance web server, reverse proxy, and load balancer.
• ngrep — Grep for network packets.
• Nmap — Network scanner and host-discovery tool.
• ntopng — Web-based network-traffic analyser.
• OpenDKIM — DKIM signing and verification milter.
• OpenSMTPD — Modern Mail Transfer Agent from the OpenBSD project.
• OpenSSH — A free implementation of the SSH protocol suite.
• OpenVPN — A flexible, mature SSL/TLS-based VPN.
• Pi-hole — A DNS sinkhole that blocks ads and trackers network-wide.
• Postfix — A widely deployed mail transfer agent.
• Roundcube — Browser-based IMAP mail client.
• Rspamd — Fast spam-filtering system.
• Sendmail — Historical Unix mail transfer agent.
• Snort — Network intrusion detection system.
• SpamAssassin — Apache Foundation spam-filtering platform.
• Suricata — Multi-threaded intrusion detection and prevention engine.
• Tailscale — WireGuard-based mesh VPN with automatic key management.
• tcpdump — A command-line packet analyser.
• Traefik — A cloud-native edge router with auto-discovery.
• Unbound — A validating, recursive, caching DNS resolver.
• vnstat — A console-based network traffic monitor.
• WireGuard — A modern, fast VPN protocol and implementation.
• Wireshark — A graphical network protocol analyser.
• Zeek — Open-source network security monitor.

Observability

• Grafana — A dashboarding and visualisation platform for time-series data.
• Grafana Loki — A horizontally scalable log aggregation system.
• Jaeger — A distributed tracing system.
• Kibana — A visualisation and dashboard tool for Elasticsearch.
• OpenTelemetry — A vendor-neutral observability framework.
• Prometheus — A metrics-based monitoring system and time-series database.
• VictoriaMetrics — A fast, cost-efficient time-series database compatible with Prometheus.

Office

• AppFlowy — Open-source Notion alternative.
• Baserow — Open-source no-code database.
• Calibre — E-book library manager.
• Calibre-Web — Web UI for Calibre e-book libraries.
• CherryTree — Hierarchical note-taking application.
• Evince — Default PDF and document viewer of the GNOME desktop.
• Focalboard — Self-hosted alternative to Notion/Trello.
• Ghostscript — An interpreter for the PostScript and PDF languages.
• Joplin — An open-source note-taking and to-do application.
• Kanboard — Minimalist kanban project management.
• Kavita — Self-hosted reading server for books and comics.
• Komga — Media server for comics, manga, and digital books.
• LibreOffice — A complete free office suite.
• Logseq — An open-source outliner notebook for knowledge management.
• Logseq (additional notes) — Local-first note-taking app (existing entry).
• Mozilla Thunderbird — A free email and calendar client.
• Nextcloud — A self-hosted file hosting and collaboration platform.
• NocoDB — Open-source Airtable alternative.
• Obsidian (proprietary) — Markdown-based note vault (proprietary, free for personal).
• Okular — KDE's universal document viewer.
• ONLYOFFICE Desktop Editors — A free office suite focused on Microsoft Office compatibility.
• OpenProject — Project-management and collaboration platform.
• Pandoc — A universal document converter.
• Poppler — A PDF rendering library.
• Scribus — Open-source desktop publishing.
• Standard Notes — End-to-end-encrypted note-taking.
• Taskwarrior — A command-line task manager.
• Trilium Notes — Hierarchical note-taking application.
• Vikunja — Self-hosted to-do and project tracker.
• Wekan — Open-source kanban board.
• Zathura — Minimalist keyboard-driven PDF viewer.
• Zim Wiki — Personal desktop wiki.

Package manager

• AppImage — Single-file distribution format for portable Linux applications.
• APT — Debian-family high-level package management toolchain.
• DNF — Modern package manager for Fedora and RHEL-family distributions.
• dpkg — Low-level Debian package installer.
• Flatpak — A sandboxed application distribution framework for Linux.
• Homebrew — A package manager for macOS (and Linux).
• pacman — Arch Linux package manager.
• RPM — Low-level Red Hat package format and tool.
• Snap (Snapcraft) — Canonical's universal application packaging system.

Security

• age — Modern file-encryption tool.
• AIDE — Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment.
• AppArmor — Path-based mandatory access-control system.
• Bitwarden — An open-source password manager with optional self-hosting.
• chkrootkit — Rootkit detector.
• ClamAV — Open-source antivirus engine.
• Cryptsetup / LUKS — Disk-encryption setup tool.
• Fail2ban — Intrusion-prevention daemon that bans abusive IPs.
• GnuPG — A free implementation of the OpenPGP standard.
• gocryptfs — FUSE-based encrypted overlay filesystem.
• HashiCorp Vault — A tool for secrets management.
• KeePassXC — A cross-platform password manager.
• Keycloak — An open-source identity and access management server.
• Lynis — Security auditing tool for Unix-like systems.
• OpenSCAP — Compliance auditing and reporting framework.
• OpenSSL — A cryptography toolkit and TLS library.
• OSSEC — Host-based intrusion detection system.
• pass — The standard Unix password manager.
• rage — Rust implementation of the age encryption format.
• rkhunter — Rootkit and local-vulnerability hunter.
• SELinux — Mandatory access-control framework in the Linux kernel.
• SOPS — Secrets-operations editor for encrypted files.
• Tomb — Encrypted file containers on top of cryptsetup.
• Tor — Free software for anonymous communication.
• Trivy — A vulnerability scanner for containers and IaC.
• Vaultwarden — A Rust reimplementation of the Bitwarden server.
• VeraCrypt — Disk-encryption tool descended from TrueCrypt.
• YubiKey Manager — Configuration tool for YubiKey hardware tokens.

Shell

• Dash — POSIX-compliant minimal shell.
• Elvish — Friendly, expressive shell with structured-data pipelines.
• fish shell — A user-friendly shell with sensible defaults.
• GNU Bash — The default login shell on most Linux distributions.
• KornShell (ksh93) — AT&T's KornShell, predecessor of many modern features.
• Nushell — Modern shell built on a structured-data pipeline model.
• Oils for Unix — Modern Bash-compatible shell with a clean rewrite (OSH/YSH).
• Starship — A minimal, fast, customisable shell prompt.
• tcsh — Enhanced C shell with command-line editing.
• Xonsh — Shell combining Bash-like and Python syntax.
• Z shell (Zsh) — An interactive shell with extensive customisation and completion.

Storage

• blkid — Block-device identification utility (part of util-linux).
• Btrfs — A copy-on-write filesystem with snapshots and transparent compression.
• btrfs-progs — Userspace tools for the Btrfs filesystem.
• Ceph — A unified, distributed storage system.
• e2fsprogs — Userspace utilities for ext2/ext3/ext4.
• ext4 — The default filesystem on most Linux distributions.
• GNU Parted — Disk-partitioning utility.
• hdparm — Tool for setting ATA/SATA drive parameters.
• LVM2 — Logical Volume Manager for Linux.
• mdadm — Software RAID administration tool.
• MinIO — High-performance, S3-compatible object storage.
• nvme-cli — Userspace tools for NVMe SSDs.
• OpenZFS — A combined volume manager and filesystem with strong integrity guarantees.
• smartmontools — SMART monitoring tools for disks.
• Syncthing — Continuous file synchronisation between devices.
• XFS — A high-performance journaling filesystem.
• xfsprogs — Userspace tools for the XFS filesystem.
• ZFS on Linux — Port of the ZFS filesystem to Linux.

System

• ALSA — The Advanced Linux Sound Architecture.
• atop — Advanced top with persistent recording.
• auto-cpufreq — Automatic CPU speed and power optimiser.
• brightnessctl — A small utility to control device brightness.
• btop++ — Resource monitor with mouse support and a graph-based UI.
• Cockpit — Web-based Linux server administration.
• cron — The classic Unix time-based job scheduler.
• CUPS — The Common Unix Printing System.
• dstat — Versatile system-statistics tool.
• Glances — Cross-platform system monitor.
• GParted — A graphical partition editor.
• GRUB — The GNU GRand Unified Bootloader.
• htop — An interactive process viewer for the terminal.
• iotop — Per-process disk I/O monitor.
• JACK Audio Connection Kit — A low-latency audio server for professional audio.
• lsof — Lists open files and the processes that have them open.
• ltrace — Traces library calls made by a running program.
• Mesa — The open-source OpenGL, Vulkan, and graphics driver stack.
• nmon — Simple curses-based system monitor.
• OpenRC — A dependency-based init system used by Gentoo and Alpine.
• perf — Linux kernel's performance analysis subsystem and userspace tool.
• PipeWire — A modern multimedia framework for audio and video.
• PowerTOP — Power-consumption analyser.
• procps-ng — A set of utilities that read /proc.
• ps_mem — Reports per-program memory usage on Linux.
• PulseAudio — A network-capable sound server.
• strace — Diagnostic tool for tracing system calls and signals.
• sysstat — Performance-monitoring tools (sar, iostat, mpstat).
• systemd — A system and service manager for Linux.
• systemd-boot — A simple UEFI boot manager.
• TLP — Linux power-management for laptops.
• Usermin — User-facing companion to Webmin.
• util-linux — A set of essential Linux system utilities.
• Wayland — A modern replacement for the X Window System protocol.
• Webmin — Long-running web-based Linux administration tool.
• Xorg / X.Org Server — The X Window System server.

Terminal

• Alacritty — A fast, GPU-accelerated terminal emulator.
• foot — Fast, lightweight Wayland-native terminal emulator.
• Ghostty — GPU-accelerated terminal emulator with native platform integration.
• GNOME Terminal — The default terminal emulator on GNOME.
• GNU screen — The original terminal multiplexer.
• kitty — GPU-accelerated terminal emulator with image and multiplexer support.
• Konsole — KDE's terminal emulator.
• tmux — A terminal multiplexer.
• WezTerm — GPU-accelerated cross-platform terminal emulator and multiplexer.

Virtualisation

• Proxmox VE — An open-source server virtualisation management platform.
• QEMU — A generic and open source machine emulator and virtualiser.
• VirtualBox — A free type-2 hypervisor for desktop virtualisation.

Web

• Angular — A TypeScript-based web application framework.
• Apache Traffic Server — High-performance forward and reverse proxy.
• Astro — A web framework for content-driven sites.
• Django — A high-level Python web framework.
• Envoy — Service-proxy and edge data plane.
• esbuild — An extremely fast JavaScript bundler.
• Express.js — A minimal Node.js web framework.
• FastAPI — A modern, fast Python framework for building APIs.
• Flask — A lightweight Python web microframework.
• H2O — HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 web server.
• htmx — A small library for dynamic HTML without a JavaScript framework.
• Hugo — A fast static site generator written in Go.
• Jekyll — A static site generator powering GitHub Pages.
• Kong Gateway — API gateway built on nginx.
• Laravel — A PHP web framework with expressive syntax.
• Next.js — A React framework for production.
• Nuxt — A Vue.js framework with SSR, file-based routing, and modules.
• OpenResty — nginx-based web platform with embedded Lua.
• React — A JavaScript library for building user interfaces.
• Ruby on Rails — A full-stack Ruby web framework with strong opinions.
• Squid — Caching forward and reverse HTTP proxy.
• Svelte — A compiler that turns components into vanilla JavaScript.
• Varnish Cache — HTTP reverse-proxy accelerator.
• Vite — A fast frontend build tool with native ESM dev server.
• Vue.js — A progressive JavaScript framework for building UIs.
• Webpack — A static module bundler for modern JavaScript applications.
• WordPress — A widely-deployed PHP-based content management system.